Various notes, commands, and ways of doing things in GNU Linux. Some are taken from man pages, newsgroups, and the web. But mostly they were gained from hours of frustration. :) Contact me if you have suggestions.
shebang line, at start of script tells system what to interpret with: #!/bin/sh
ndiswrapper1.7 instructions:
nuke any existing kernal ndiswrapper,ko drivers
make clean
make install
ndiswrapper -i wmp54gs.inf
modprobe ndiswrapper
..then setup wlan0.. iwup, iwconfig, ifstatus...
use ; to seperate commands. use && to seperate commands and only execute the following command if first was successful.
equivalent of windows "start.exe": in kde check out "kfmclient exec"
kernel version: uname -r
dmesg for last boot msgs
/var/log/messages for kernel log
dhcpcd wont assign DNS servers if eth0 enabled but disconnected
if user is member of cdrom group, desktop automounter dont work
xdpyinfo for xorg version
samba server wont work unless encrypted passwords = yes and use / in paths, not \
set a users smb passwd with smbpasswd
add to current users search PATH: PATH=$PATH:/mydir ...put that in .profile
setfacl for windows like file permission
streamripper http://hostdime.streams.bassdrive.com:8000 -r 10069 -o larger -u WinAmp3.2
lspci for pci bus probe
lsusb for usb bus!
serial port /dev/ttyS0
parallel port /dev/parport0
avrdude -p m8 -c ponyser -P /dev/ttyS0
gnomesu - sudo for gnome environment
'su -' necessary for suing nautilus
dvd+rw-mediainfo /dev/dvd will get dvd manufacturer/model
crypto:
To mount:
/etc/init.d/boot.crypto start
To unmount:
/etc/init.d/boot.crypto stop
ethtool eth0 to get ethernet link status
get superkey working, add to xorg.conf in InputDevice section:
Option "XkbOptions" "altwin:super_win" ***didnt work!!***
setup nvidia:
sax2 -r -m 0=nvidia
xvidtune can tell you refresh rate
search the man pages: apropos
beryl option to get games to run better: unredirect fullscreen windows
flash nokia n800:
./flasher-3.0.amd64 -F RX-34_2007SE_4.2007.26-8_PR_COMBINED_MR0_ARM.bin -f -R
Privoxy's config file on opensuse is stored at /var/lib/privoxy/etc/config
rcprivoxy start to start privoxy
*********************** vga= info***************
After you've done this then pass the kernel boot line append line option, "VGA=791" for a 1024x768 @ 24 resolution. If you use lilo add that to the "append" line.
An example, ` append="vga=791" `. If you use grub append it to the kernel line.
An example of the append line for grub follows:
title Debian (2.4.20 Framebuffer + RUwireless)
kernel (hd0,0)/bzImage-2.4.20fbruwireless root=/dev/hda7 hdc=ide-scsi vga=791 console=tty1
Here is an explanation of the values you can use:
vga=xxx sets the framebuffer console to a specific resolution.
Here is a table you can use so it can help you decide
what resolution you want to use:
colour depth | 640x480 800x600 1024x768 1280x1024
256 (8bit) | 769 771 773 775
32000 (15bit) | 784 787 790 793
65000 (16bit) | 785 788 791 794
16.7 Mill. (24bit) | 786 789 792 795
*************************************************
Yast > System > etc/sysconfig Editor > System > Kernel > MODULES_LOADED_ON_BOOT
**************************************************
You did not state which version of Linux you were running. However, you may want to look at the following:
cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_timestamps
cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_window_scaling
cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_sack
You will probably see the number one "1" returned for each of them. If so, all is good. If any of the values returned is zero you can change them with the following command(s):
**********************************************
how do I mount a /dev (ice) with specific permissions? add a rule to udev /etc/udev/rules.d/
get local ssh fingerprints and cat to a txt file?:
ssh-keygen -l -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key.pub > ssh_fingerprint.txt
ssh-keygen -l -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key.pub >> ssh_fingerprint.txt
ssh-keygen -l -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub >> ssh_fingerprint.txt
recursively shred and remove current dirtree:
find -type f -execdir shred -u -v -n 3 -z '{}' \;
rm -rf *
QEMU: Ctrl-Alt-2 or -1 to switch to console
in console: info kqemu to see if kqemu accelerator loaded
get ide drive info: cat /proc/ide/hdc/model, etc...
GUI sftp? in Konqueror use fish://ip
supposed to restart kicker:
dcop kicker kicker restart
enable delete instead of send to trash, in GNOME: gconf /apps/...nautilus/enable_delete
cat /proc/interrupts to get an irq list
project cryptmount can do dm-crypt stuff without superuser privileges
How to release/renew your IP address?:
ifdown eth0
ifup eth0
or
dhclient -r eth0
dhclient eth0
or
rcnetwork restart
current terminal size: resize
compress qemu qcow image: first zero it out with a disk wipe utility, then do
qemu-img convert -c -f qcow <img-name> -O qcow <new-img-name>
list active tcp & udp connections & process: netstat -tu --program
listening sockets: netstat -l --program
also check out: iptraf
count lines in files: wc -l *.cpp
determine dm-crypt encryption type: cryptsetup status /dev/mapper/_dev_loop0
tightvnc vncviewer popup: f8
find all hidden files in current directory:
find -name ".*"
bash reverse history search: ctrl-r
get openssl x509 fingerprint: openssl x509 -fingerprint -md5 -noout -in somecert.pem
Most distributions have core dumps disabled by default, thus you'll have to reenable them first. "ulimit -c unlimited" will do that for the current shell and all processes started from it.
find in files example: find . -name "*.cpp" -exec grep -q "meow" '{}' \; -print
get eth0 link speed: ethtool eth0
resuming jobs, job related commands:
http://linuxreviews.org/beginner/jobs/
how the **** do i exit vi??
To exit vi press ESC to make sure you are in command mode
1. Type ZZ or :wq to write (save the file) and quit
2. Type :q or :q! to quit without saving the file
determine what a file is: file
smart unzipper unarc untar thing: deco
good way to copy all files from one partition to another, if cloning for example: cp -axv /mount/sda1/* /mount/sdb1
move an opensuse 10.3 root partition:
copy all files to new partition.
opensuse uses disk by id. so you need to replace the ids with the new id or device name, in /etc/fstab and /boot/grub/menu.lst.
use supergrubdisk to install grub & make bootable.
current cpu frequency?: cat /proc/cpuinfo
acpi cpufreq parameters and limits?: cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/...
usb device power requested, do this and look for bMaxPower: lsusb -v
list all files open for write: lsof | egrep " [0-9]*[wu] *REG"
search a man page: /
DNS information is most often found in a text file called resolv.conf. This file can be read using the cat command. A common place for this DNS file is:
/etc/resolv.conf although the name and location of this file may vary by Linux distribution.
find out XWindows mouse button names: xev
KDE show desktop command: dcop kicker kicker toggleShowDesktop
bind mouse buttons to commands: xbindkeys
get SUSE team package signing key on a suse system:
rpm -qi gpg-pubkey-9c800aca
restart plasma: kquitapp plasma && plasma
pause process: kill -STOP pid
resume.. : kill -CONT pid
reencode mp3s: find . *.mp3 -maxdepth 0 -exec lame --preset 128 {} 128k/{} \; -exec id3cp {} 128k/{} \;
rpm unpack: rpm2cpio foo.rpm | cpio -idmv --no-absolute-filenames
set time from internet: ntpdate pool.ntp.org
opensuse version: cat /etc/SuSE-release
mount a smb/windows share:
mount -t cifs //server/share /mnt --verbose -o user=username
to use the library being placed in a ``non-standard'' place. You can also use environment variables to control things. In particular, you can set LD_LIBRARY_PATH, which is a colon-separated list of directories in which to search for shared libraries before the usual places. If you're using bash, you could invoke my_program this way to search for libraries in the local directory, using:
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=.:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH my_program
delete a list of files in a text file called file.txt, one per line:
xargs rm < file.txt
bump up kwin's refresh rate (see this link):
kwriteconfig --file kwinrc --group Compositing --key RefreshRate <value>
get battery info:
cat /proc/acpi/battery/BAT0/info
cat /proc/acpi/battery/BAT0/state
acpi -V
truncate / crop the end off of a file:
truncate -s SIZE filename.dat
truncate head / beginning of a file:
tail -c SIZE > newfile.dat
throttle zypper (requires fairly new version):
edit /etc/zypp/zypp.conf , you will see download min and max parameters
xorg set gamma:
xgamma
umask? umask is subtracted from all bits to get permission for newly created files and dirs..
777 - umask 022 = 755 = u+rwx g+rx o+rx (this is for directories. files cannot be given execute bit on creation, so file permissions would be 644 = u+rw g+r o+r)
use egrep for grep boolean OR:
egrep "match1|match2|match3"
If festival returns the following error message:
Linux: can't open /dev/dsp
Switch to ALSA output by adding these lines to the end of your .festivalrc file, or to /usr/share/festival/festival.scm (source):(Parameter.set 'Audio_Method 'Audio_Command)
(Parameter.set 'Audio_Command "aplay -q -c 1 -t raw -f s16 -r $SR $FILE")
vnc server doesn't work in openSUSE 11.2? try removing IP6 localhost:
http://old.nabble.com/Problem-with-OpenSuSE-11.2-and-KDE4-td26505322.html
Desktop Effects (simple ccsm) briefly enables then immediately disables... i.e. flashes on then off? But it works ok for other users or root? Some config file in your home folder is causing it. We don't know exactly which file it is so you'l have to wipe out all . dot files and folders in your home dir. You can move them somewhere else temporarily instead of just deleting them.
nvidia-settings overclocking / Coolbits setting won't stay after rebooting or logging out? In openSUSE create a script /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc.d/overclock_nv.sh . In the script put (for example):
#!/bin/bash
#overclock nvidia 8600 gts
nvidia-settings --assign="GPUOverclockingState=1" --assign="GPU3DClockFreqs=746,1157"
No sound on ASUS M4A77D / VT1818S ? Get a newer kernel or the latest alsa-driver build.
build / make in parallel, using mulitple cores: make -j N
KDE ATI desktop effects, composting disabled after reboot? In Desktop Effects -> Advanced tab, check 'Disable functionality checks'.
If you want to force fsck on the next boot, create a file called /forcefsck . If this file is present during the next boot - the fsck is forced.
# touch /forcefsck
How do you send ctrl-alt-f1 to a virtualbox guest? "host key"-F1 , where "host key" usually is the right CTRL
openSUSE 11.2 KDE eclipse UI problems / draw bug / greyed out ? Create a script start_eclipse in the eclipse folder. Put this inside it and use it to run eclipse:
export GDK_NATIVE_WINDOWS=true
./eclipse
PLAY your NEWEST music... A script to create a music playlist sorted by file modification time, and then open it using VLC. Mp3, m4a, and ogg files are included.:
#!/bin/bash
cd /home/someuser/Music && \
find . -iname "*.mp3" -print0 -or -iname "*.m4a" -print0 -or -iname "*.ogg" -print0 | xargs -r0 stat -c %Y\ %n | sort -rn | grep "\..*$" -o > newest.m3u && \
vlc newest.m3u
Stop a command after a certain amount of time... run the command in one terminal (or background), then use sleep followed by killall. for example, to download a file, stopping after 6 hours:
terminal1: wget -c http://some.com/filedownload.zip
terminal2: sleep 6h ; killall wget
Format an SD card. A command line/console/terminal approach:
1. fdisk -l (to see what devices present)
2. Unmount the relevant device first (eg /dev/sdb1) if mounted with something like:
unmount /dev/sdb1
3. For FAT32:
mkdosfs -F 32 -n <VOLUME_LABEL> /dev/sdb1
Copy a damaged file, example using dd fills dmg areas with zero:
dd if=/media/Kingston/DCIM/100MEDIA/MEDI0016.AVI of=MEDI0016.AVI conv=noerror,sync
Or try ddrescue.
